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uiten I gratte arent ffice.

Letters Patent No. 81,341, dated August 25, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN CHURNS.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:4 p

' Be it known that I, JOHN S. CARSON, ot Brookhaven, in the county of Lawrence, and State oflVIississippi, have invented a certain new, useful, and improved Churn-Dasher, and mode of operating the same; and I do hereby declare the following tol be a full, clear, andexact description of the same, reference being,r had to the -annexed drawing, making a part of this specification.

My invention consists of one or more sections of a sectional helix, the sections consisting of aboutnninety degrees of acomplete helix, which is made up of four or more divisional parts, so placed as that there is a. narrow opening or space at the point where they overlap each other by curved extremities, so as to afford a passage for portions of the milk between them,`whilst, at the same time, checking and deiiecting the same into' diverse directions. y

v:But my invention will be better and more quickly understood by referring to the drawing, which exhibits a churn with a part broken away to show my improveddasher, with the framework and gearing which I have devised and use in connection therewith. A

The drawing shows two sections, A; and B, of a helix or spiral vane, each being subdivided into four sections, 1 2 8 4. The helical line is not continuous, but broken by this subdivision in such manner that three openings, a b c, obtain, through which the milk may pass as the vanes rotate in either direction. Nor are the sections 1 2 3 4 merely parts of a true spiral flange. Each of them is abruptly curved at both its extremities,

so as to produce a corresponding curvature or deflection in the opening, and therefore in the currents of milk' that, in the rotation of the dashcr, are forced through this opening, and thus is created a more violent agitation` of the same, and a more rapid formation or collection of the butter. l

' In tho operation of churning, my dasher is rotated first in one and then in the reverso direction, a few revolutions only being made in either direction, which rotation I effect by means of a pulley, C, near the upper extremity of the spindle D, lund a driving-wheel, E, through the agency of a band, I, and a crank, II. An

.intermediate pulley, G, d eects and tightens the hand or cord in the proper direction, to maintain it on pulleys C and E, notwithstanding onehas a vertical and the other a hori'zontalaxis, to the proper degree ot`tension. I am thus, by having the driving-pulley E very much larger than pulley C, enabled to give as rapid a motion to my dasher as I please, and to reverse the direction of its rotation at pleasure, andalso to increase the power in proportion to the quantity of milk in the churn, whilst, by having the axis of the driving-pulley horizontal, I relieve the operator of the fatigue always involved in the turning of a crank on a vertical shaft.

One helical dash'er in sections or parts will sccure'a rapid'coming of the butter, hut I prefer to use two, as shown in the drawing, whenever there is a `large quantity of milk in the churn, that are so placed as that, if they were continued, they would cut or cross eachlother as they wind around the spindle, for by the use of two, a greater number of diverse currents are set in motion, and a more tumultuous agitation of thc milk secured. With my dasher, a square churn is best, and I prefer that it should be made, like the dasher, of tin or 'otherlike metal.

IIaving thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The sectional' helix dashcr A B; when the same is composed of the sections or parts 1 2 3 4, constructed and relatively arranged as described, for thepurpose set forth.

2. The sectional helix dasher A B, when constructed us described, in combination with the pulley C, the driving-wheel E, the'band or ccrd'F, and the crank II,vthe whole being arranged for conjoint operation,'suh stantially as shown anddescribed, for thc purpose s et forth.

JOHN S. CARSON.

Witnesses:

` C. W. Warner,

Rurus R. Rnoons. 

